Selasa, 30 Oktober 2012

Prepositions of place and direction



Prepositions of place and direction


               A preposition may be defined as connecting word showing the
relation of a noun or a noun substitute to some other word in the
sentence (the squirrel in the tree; the preposition in shows the
relationship between the squirrel and the tree.).

               Prepositions cause problems because sometimes they can be used
interchangeably (He sat on the chair: He sat in the chair), because
prepositions are often combined with verbs to create phrasal verbs
(to look after someone; to look down on someone), and because a
single preposition can be used to express several different ideas
(He is tall for his age; I swam for an hour).

               The most efficient method of study is to familiarize yourself
with prepositions and prepositional phrases through practice and
memorization.  This is particularly helpful for the bilingual
student, who often seems to find preposition usage one of the most
difficult parts of the English language.

Preposition
Use
Examples
above
higher than sth.
The picture hangs above my bed.
across
from one side to the other side
You mustn't go across this road here.
There isn't a bridge across the river.
after
one follows the other
The cat ran after the dog.
After you.
against
directed towards sth.
The bird flew against the window.
along
in a line; from one point to another
They're walking along the beach.
among
in a group
I like being among people.
around
in a circular way
We're sitting around the campfire.
behind
at the back of
Our house is behind the supermarket.
below
lower than sth.
Death Valley is 86 metres below sea level.
beside
next to
Our house is beside the supermarket.
between
sth./sb. is on each side
Our house is between the supermarket and the school.
by
near
He lives in the house by the river.
close to
near
Our house is close to the supermarket.
down
from high to low
He came down the hill.
from
the place where it starts
Do you come from Tokyo?
in front of
the part that is in the direction it faces
Our house is in front of the supermarket.
inside
opposite of outside
You shouldn't stay inside the castle.
into
entering sth.
You shouldn't go into the castle.
near
close to
Our house is near the supermarket.
next to
beside
Our house is next to the supermarket.
off
away from sth.
The cat jumped off the roof.
onto
moving to a place
The cat jumped onto the roof.
opposite
on the other side
Our house is opposite the supermarket.
out of
leaving sth.
The cat jumped out of the window.
outside
opposite of inside
Can you wait outside?
over
above sth./sb.
The cat jumped over the wall.
past
going near sth./sb.
Go past the post office.
round
in a circle
We're sitting round the campfire.
through
going from one point to the other point
You shouldn't walk through the forest.
to
towards sth./sb.
I like going to Australia.

Can you come to me?
I've never been to Africa.
towards
in the direction of sth.
We ran towards the castle.
under
below sth.
The cat is under the table.
up
from low to high
He went up the hill.

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